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With the decree published in the Official Gazette on 31 July 2016 during the State of Emergency, the institution of “bankruptcy postponement” was suspended. The “concordatto” institution was introduced instead of the bankruptcy postponement institution, which was suspended with the “Law on the Amendment of the Execution and Bankruptcy Law and Some Laws” published in the Official Gazette dated 15/03/2018. With this arrangement, the concordatto institution, which started to attract attention during the state of emergency, came to the fore as an alternative legal way.

Before talking about what the concordat institution is,  We explain what the bankruptcy postponement is;

According to Article 377 of the Turkish Commercial Code, capital companies or cooperatives can apply for bankruptcy postponement. It is essential that the company or cooperative that is requested to postpone the bankruptcy is in debt and has a recovery project. In extraordinary situations, especially in economic crises, the company or cooperative should not have benefited from the “extraordinary period” given by the executive investigation authority, not exceeding 6 months, to be able to pay the debtor’s debt. If this period is used, the company or cooperative cannot benefit from the institution of postponing bankruptcy within a one-year period pursuant to Articles 179 and the following.

In the bankruptcy postponement process; No execution proceedings can be made, including the ones made in accordance with the Law No. 6183, the proceedings that have already started will stop. With the decision to postpone the bankruptcy, as a rule, the statute of limitations and forfeiture periods, which can be interrupted by a execution proceedings, also cease to operate!

CONCORDATTO

If we define the concordat TOaccording to the new regulation; It is an agreement that aims to get rid of bankruptcy by improving the financial situation of the debtors subject to bankruptcy by restructuring the debts, and to improve the financial situation of other debtors and It is an agreement that becomes binding on the parties with the approval of the court.

It is the agreement between the debtor and his creditors, who have lost their ability to pay for any reason, whose business has deteriorated, whose commercial situation has been shaken, to receive their receivables according to a certain plan, and which is approved by the court. Concordatto is an application that allows the creditors to collect their receivables, albeit partially, while protecting the debtors whose financial situation has deteriorated in this way.

It is an agreement that the debtor makes with 2/3 of his creditors (the creditors corresponding to this ratio should also have 2/3 of the debts of the debtor). It becomes valid with the approval of the Commercial Court of First Instance. In this case, the unprivileged creditors waive a certain percentage of the debts of the debtor, and the debtor can get rid of all his debts by paying the part of the debts accepted as concordat. The debtor or creditor requesting a concordat must deposit the concordatto expense advance specified in the tariff put into effect by the Ministry of Justice.

As a rule, enforcement proceedings cannot be made against the debtor, as is the case with the bankruptcy postponement with the concordatto, the proceedings started before the deadline is stopped. In this period, the debtor’s authority to dispose of his goods continues under the control of the concordat commissioner. However, some transactions such as pledge of goods, being guarantor, making unrequited gains, selling real estates and establishing real rights on real estates are strictly prohibited to the debtor in this period. Another important difference from the bankruptcy postponement is that the debtor is not in debt for the concordat!

We can list the changes brought with the new regulation as follows;

  • Due to the problems and abuses arising in practice, the institution of suspension of bankruptcy is abolished and now capital companies or cooperatives will be able to request a concordatto instead of postponing bankruptcy.
  • Commercial Courts of First Instance, which are experts in bankruptcy and concordatto, will be determined by the Council of Judges and Prosecutors within 2 weeks from the effective date of the amendment. Determined expert courts will listen to the concordatto commissioner and analyze the report, and either approve or reject the concordatto. If the request is rejected, the decision will be announced and notified to the relevant authorities.
  • A separate “Creditants’ Board” may be formed by the court, provided that it does not exceed seven creditors, does not appreciate any fees, and has an odd number.
  • Against the decision about the concordat, it can be appealed within 10 days, and appeal can be made within 10 days against the decision of the Regional Court of Justice.
  • Upon the request of the debtor, the custody, sale and return of the goods subject to financial leasing in the approval decision may be postponed for a period not exceeding one year from the decision.
  • If it is understood that the concordat will be successful, a definite period of one year will be given to the debtor. This period can be extended up to 6 months at the most in court, upon the reasoned report and request of the concordat commissioner in special cases that present difficulties.

You can get more detailed information and assistance by contacting our expert team regarding concordat transactions.

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